adapted from Garrison et al.,2001 and Shin's (2002)
a)Social Presence: is the ability of participants to contribute, develop relationships and communicate purposefully in a trusting environment.
*It includes three categories:
1)Open communication:Learners build and sustain a sense of group commitment.
2)Group cohesion:Learners interact with intellectual activities and tasks.
3)Affective expression:Learners share personal feelings and emotions.
b)Transactional Presence:refers to degree to which student perceives the availability of and the connectedness with, the other individuals in the interaction.
c)Cognitive Presence: is the ability which learners construct and confirm meaning through sustained reflection and discourse.
*There are four phases:
1)Triggering event:Learners recognize the problem.
2)Exploration:Learners use different sources and discuss with others
3)Integration:Learners reflect on the task, link ideas and try to come up with solutions.
4)Resolution:Learners apply the knowledge to test or defend solutions.
d)Teaching Presence:is the design, facilitation and direction of cognitive and social processes for the purpose of realizing personally and educationally worthwhile learning outcomes.
When this four presences is combined each other,The educational experience for a learner occurs.
THANK YOU!❤
Comments
Post a Comment